Enhancing HIV Prevention: The Role of Chatbots in Healthcare Settings
HIV risk perception forms a pivotal element in the HIV prevention cascade, acting as a motivational process that encourages individuals to explore their HIV prevention options. Recently, a study explored whether an anonymous, self-administered chatbot stationed in clinic waiting areas could enhance HIV knowledge, improve individual risk assessment, and foster more productive interactions between clients and healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding HIV prevention.
Methods and Analysis
The study was conducted in Lagos, Nigeria, involving cisgender women and transgender men who sought HIV and sexual health services from community clinics and public health facilities. Participants (n=150) completed a self-administered survey after their consultation to provide feedback on their experience with the chatbot. Additionally, follow-up interviews with a subset of chatbot users (n=25) and participating HCPs (n=10) offered deeper insights into their experiences and the subsequent impact on client-provider interactions.
Results
Participants reported acquiring new insights about HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through interactions with the chatbot. This digital tool prompted them to reflect on their own HIV susceptibility and consider prevention options. Many participants found it easier to discuss PrEP with their doctors, with approximately half initiating conversations about HIV prevention with their provider. HCPs noted that interactions with chatbot users were more productive compared to standard visits. Additionally, participants expressed a desire for more health information and requested access to the chatbot outside of the clinical setting.
Conclusion
The chatbot emerged as a significant tool for patient activation and self-care. It enhanced participants’ understanding of HIV, risk perception, knowledge of effective prevention strategies, and the self-efficacy needed to initiate discussions with HCPs—critical steps in the HIV prevention process.
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